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IG1 Lecture 16: Introduction to Occupational Health

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✔️ Occupational Health is a vital pillar of workplace safety and employee well-being. While health and safety management often focuses on preventing accidents, occupational health goes further by protecting workers from ill health caused by their work activities or working environment. This lecture introduces the fundamental concepts of occupational health, why it is important, and how it integrates into health and safety management systems.

🌍 What is Occupational Health?

Occupational health is defined as the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations. It emphasizes the prevention of health problems rather than only treating illnesses after they occur. This approach is proactive, aiming to identify risks early, reduce exposure, and create safe and healthy workplaces.

💡 In simple terms, occupational health is about “making sure work does not make people sick, and work itself becomes a positive influence on health.”

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IG1 Lecture 15: Human Factors in Health and Safety

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📖 Introduction

Human factors play a major role in health and safety. Mistakes, fatigue, poor design, and unsafe behaviours
can all contribute to workplace accidents. Understanding human limitations and designing systems to support safe
behaviour is essential in modern safety management.

🎯 Learning Outcomes

  • Define human factors and their importance.
  • Identify types of human error.
  • Explain the role of ergonomics in workplace safety.
  • Suggest strategies to reduce human error and improve performance.

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IG1 Lecture 14: Health and Safety Culture

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📖 Introduction

Health and safety culture refers to the shared attitudes, values, and behaviours that determine how seriously an organisation
takes safety. A positive safety culture reduces accidents, increases compliance, and strengthens overall productivity.
Building this culture requires leadership commitment, worker involvement, and effective communication.

🎯 Learning Outcomes

  • Define what health and safety culture means.
  • Identify factors influencing safety culture.
  • Explain benefits of a strong safety culture.
  • Discuss ways to improve safety culture.

🌍 Factors Influencing Safety Culture

  • Leadership Commitment: Visible management support for safety.
  • Worker Involvement: Employees actively participate in decision-making.
  • Training and Competence: Adequate knowledge and skills for safe work.
  • Communication: Open channels for reporting hazards and sharing safety information.
  • Trust and Fairness: No-blame culture that encourages reporting mistakes.

💡 Benefits of a Positive Safety Culture

  • Fewer accidents and injuries.
  • Better legal compliance.
  • Improved employee morale and retention.
  • Lower insurance and compensation costs.

📈 Improving Safety Culture

  • Leadership setting clear safety expectations.
  • Rewarding safe behaviours.
  • Continuous training and refresher sessions.
  • Encouraging feedback from all levels of staff.

🔑 Summary

  • Safety culture reflects how safety is valued in an organisation.
  • Leadership, training, communication, and trust all influence culture.
  • Positive culture results in improved safety and performance.

🚀 What’s Next in IG1

Lecture 15: Human Factors in Health and Safety
We will study how human behaviour, errors, and ergonomics affect workplace safety.

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IG1 Lecture 13: Emergency Preparedness and Response

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📖 Introduction

Emergencies can strike any workplace at any time. Effective emergency preparedness and response planning ensures that
employees know how to act quickly and safely to protect themselves and others. This includes planning for fires, chemical spills,
explosions, natural disasters, and medical emergencies.

🎯 Learning Outcomes

  • Understand the importance of emergency preparedness.
  • Identify elements of an emergency plan.
  • Recognise the role of training and drills in preparedness.
  • Explain responsibilities of employers and employees during emergencies.

📋 Elements of an Emergency Plan

  • Risk Assessment: Identify potential emergencies relevant to the workplace.
  • Emergency Procedures: Evacuation routes, assembly points, and shutdown procedures.
  • Roles and Responsibilities: Fire wardens, first aiders, and evacuation leaders.
  • Communication: Alarm systems, PA announcements, and emergency contact lists.
  • Training and Drills: Regular practice to ensure staff readiness.

🧯 Example – Fire Emergency

A fire emergency plan should include designated fire exits, assembly areas, fire wardens, and regular fire drills.
Training employees on how to use fire extinguishers is also essential.

🔑 Summary

  • Emergency preparedness protects lives and property.
  • Plans must include clear roles, communication systems, and regular training.
  • Drills ensure employees respond effectively under real emergency conditions.

🚀 What’s Next in IG1

Lecture 14: Health and Safety Culture
We will examine the meaning of safety culture, factors that influence it, and strategies for building a positive safety culture.

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IG1 Lecture 12: Incident Investigation

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📖 Introduction

Incident investigation is a structured process of identifying the causes of workplace accidents, incidents, or near-misses.
The goal is not to assign blame but to learn lessons and prevent recurrence. Effective investigations improve risk control systems
and demonstrate management commitment to worker safety.

🎯 Learning Outcomes

  • Understand why incident investigations are essential.
  • Identify the steps in an investigation process.
  • Differentiate between immediate and root causes.
  • Explain the benefits of thorough investigations.

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IG1 Lecture 12: Incident Investigation Read More »

IG1 Lecture 11: Health and Safety Inspections

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📖 Introduction

Inspections are systematic workplace checks carried out to identify hazards and ensure control measures are in place.
Unlike audits, which review systems, inspections are more task-focused and usually more frequent.
They form an essential part of proactive monitoring in the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. …

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IG1 Lecture 11: Health and Safety Inspections Read More »

IG1 Lecture 10: Reviewing Health and Safety Performance

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📖 Introduction

Reviewing health and safety performance is a crucial component of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle.
It ensures that the health and safety management system is not only implemented but also evaluated for effectiveness.
This process highlights strengths, identifies weaknesses, and provides direction for continuous improvement.

Regular reviews help organisations remain compliant with legal requirements, enhance employee safety,
and ensure resources are being used effectively to reduce workplace risks.

🎯 Learning Outcomes

  • Understand why reviewing performance is essential.
  • Differentiate between proactive and reactive performance indicators.
  • Identify key methods for reviewing health and safety performance.
  • Explain management review responsibilities.

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IG1 Lecture 9: Health and Safety Auditing

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📖 Introduction

Health and safety auditing is one of the most effective tools for assessing how well an organisation’s
health and safety management system is performing. An audit is not just a routine inspection—it is a
systematic, independent, and documented process for evaluating compliance, identifying gaps, and driving
continuous improvement in workplace safety.

This lecture explores the role of audits within the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, the difference between
internal and external audits, the step-by-step audit process, and the benefits that auditing provides for
both employers and employees. We will also highlight how audits strengthen compliance with health and safety law
and enhance organisational reputation.

🎯 Learning Outcomes

  • Understand the purpose and objectives of health and safety auditing.
  • Differentiate between audits, inspections, and reviews.
  • Identify the characteristics of effective auditing.
  • Explain the audit process in detail.
  • Recognise the benefits of audits for legal compliance, cost reduction, and safety culture.

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